Over 1 million people died, many from starvation. • Middle Belt Conflicts: Ongoing violent conflicts between predominantly Muslim Fulani herders and predominantly Christian farming communities in states like Plateau, Benue, and Kaduna. • Niger Delta Militancy: Minority groups (Ijaw, Ogoni, Itsekiri) in the oil-producing Niger Delta have waged armed struggle for resource control and against environmental degradation. • Boko Haram Insurgency: An Islamist insurgency in the Northeast (Borno, Yobe, Adamawa states) that has killed over 36,000 people and displaced millions since 2009.