UNIT 5: Nigeria's Federal System and National Unity 5.1 Federalism Nigeria practices a federal system of government, with power divided between the federal government and 36 states. Federalism was designed to accommodate Nigeria's diversity — allowing different regions to govern themselves while remaining united. However, Nigeria's 'National Question' — how to build a truly unified nation from its diverse peoples — remains unresolved. Key debates include: • Resource Control: Southern (especially Niger Delta) communities demand greater control over oil revenues produced in their region. • Power Sharing: Informal agreements rotate key political offices among Nigeria's major ethnic and regional groups to prevent domination. • Restructuring: Many Nigerians call for a restructuring of the federal system to give more autonomy and resources to states and reduce the power of the federal center. 5.2 National Identity vs. Ethnic Identity A central challenge for Nigerian unity is that many citizens identify more strongly with their ethnic group or religion than with 'Nigeria' as a nation. Building a shared Nigerian identity requires: • Education that promotes national unity while respecting cultural diversity. • Political leadership that transcends ethnic and religious divisions. • Addressing the historical grievances that fuel ethnic mobilization. • Economic development that gives all Nigerians a stake in the country's success.